re: Dark matter and dark energy.

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Translation of that last image: our data might well be misleading = the outer galaxies from our perspective might well NOT be rotating at the same rate as the inner galaxies.

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There's no evidence that physics is different in other parts of the Universe. Actually, all observations indicate that physical laws are uniform, at least in this Universe. They are likely different in other Universes, though.

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Also, our isolated perspective doesn't even come close to representing reality. It's analogous to taking a single sample of ocean water at some shoreline and assuming it is representative of all the ocean water on earth.

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Reality is subjective while observations are objective. From our vantage point we can see the Universe very well. While there may be parts of the Universe that we will never be able to observe because of expansion, we can project our observations upon them based on the laws of physics.