re: We should never, ever, ever, try to rush a play to "catch them off guard"

I know motion makes a defense declare whether they are man or zone (not 100% of the time, but basically it does). I also know that motion basically blocks a defender by formation. I get all that.

I'm just wondering if anyone has done any quantitative research as an organization to determine if how many penalties/negative plays they accrue as a result of pre-snap shifting and motion.